Diabetes can not be cured. Diabetes treatment aims to maintain the balance of blood sugar levels and control of symptoms in order to prevent complications that may occur.
Step Treatment with Insulin
The pancreas in patients with type 1 diabetes the body does not produce insulin, so patients must receive insulin supply from outside every day. Insulin is very important because it serves to balance blood sugar levels. Levels that are too high and the low could result in serious damage to organs. There are several types of insulin that can be used. Among them:
- Rapid-acting insulin that the effect does not last long, but reacted quickly.
- Short-acting insulin whose effects can last up to eight hours.
- Long-acting insulin whose effects can last up to a day.
Treatment for people with diabetes might use a combination of the types of insulin at the top.
Insulin through injections
Administration is the most common insulin by injection. This way been if taken in tablet form, insulin will be digested in the stomach as food and can not get into the blood.
In the early stages of use, doctors will usually help you to inject insulin. Then you will be taught how to inject insulin and store and dispose of needles safely.
There are two methods typically used to give insulin injections, namely through a needle and syringe or pen. Diabetics generally requires two injections per day. The doctor or nurse also teaches how to use the usually close friends or family.
Insulin pump therapy
Another alternative is to inject insulin with an insulin pump. Tools insulin reservoir is small. Small hose complete with a needle on the end will connect the pump to your body. The needles are generally inserted into the body through the stomach, but there also were put through the hips, thighs, buttocks, or arms.
The pump will deliver insulin into the bloodstream with a measure that can be arranged so that you do not need to do insulin injections again. But you still have to be vigilant and monitor blood sugar carefully to make sure you receive the right dose of insulin.
Insulin pumps are very practical and can be used by people with type 1 diabetes adults, adolescents and children (with adult supervision). But not everyone is suitable to use it. These pumps are usually recommended for people with diabetes often experience hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). This tool has not been used extensively in Indonesia because the price is expensive.
Monitoring Blood Sugar Levels
Keeping blood sugar levels in order to stay balanced
The main goal of diabetes treatment is to maintain blood glucose balance. You can do it with insulin treatment and diet, but to ensure normal blood sugar levels, you need checks blood sugar levels regularly. Some of the factors that can affect your blood sugar levels are:
- Stress.
- The frequency and intensity of exercise.
- Other diseases such as colds or coughs.
- Taking other medicines.
- Consumption of liquor.
- Changes in the amount of hormones during menstruation.
Examination of their own blood sugar levels can be done through a simple blood test with a small prick on the finger. This test is generally recommended for people with diabetes. You may need to do as much as four times or more a day. Insulin treatment of the type that you live will affect the frequency of tests required. The doctor also will explain the ideal blood sugar levels.
Normal blood glucose dose is:
- 80-100 mg / dL before meals.
- 80-144 mg / dL after meals (examined exactly two hours after eating).
Milligrams / deciliter (mg / dL) is a unit of blood sugar levels that are used in general in Indonesia. Therefore you should be careful and make sure the unit first when buying a blood glucose test kits.
Examination of blood sugar levels regularly
In addition to self-monitoring is done every day, you are recommended to undergo blood sugar levels every 2-6 months. This process will show the balance of your blood sugar levels as well as the effectiveness of your treatment types.
Other investigations is HbA1c. These checks are different from the fasting glucose test and after meals which indicates blood glucose concentration when measured alone. These tests will illustrate the control of blood glucose concentration within two to three months.
When the body is processing glucose, glucose in the blood is automatically attaches itself to hemoglobin. The higher the blood sugar levels, the more hemoglobin linked with glucose and this is called a hemoglobin HbA1c. HbA1c test measures the amount of hemoglobin that contains glucose. HbA1c high numbers indicate that high blood sugar levels so that your treatment may need to be changed.
Hyperglycemia (Blood Sugar Levels Too High)
Blood sugar levels that are too high (hyperglycemia) can occur for several reasons, such as eating too much, declining health conditions, or the insulin dose is lacking. Adjustment of diet or insulin dose will be needed people with diabetes who have hyperglycemia. Your doctor can also help you to find the best compromise.
Untreated hyperglycemia can cause serious complications. The body will process the fat and muscle as alternative energy sources as well as increasing acid levels in the blood (diabetic ketoacidosis).
Diabetic ketoacidosis is very dangerous and can result in the patient is dehydrated, vomiting, loss of consciousness and even death. Therefore, patients with diabetes who have hyperglycemia should be treated in a hospital. Patients also usually be given a drip to add body fluids, such as saline and potassium.
Hypoglycemia (Blood Sugar Levels Too Low)
When your blood sugar is too low, you will experience hypoglycemia. This condition can occur in all diabetics, but generally occurs in people with type 1 diabetes.
Some of the symptoms of mild hypoglycemia was limp, shivering and hungry. This condition can be overcome by eating foods or sugary drinks, such as carbonated beverages (not the type of diet), sugar, or raisins. Pure glucose in the form of tablets or liquid can also be consumed to overcome hypoglycemia quickly.
Severe hypoglycemia will result in diabetics feel dazed, sleepy, even loss of consciousness. Diabetics who experience this condition must be given an injection of glucagon (a hormone that can increase blood sugar levels quickly) directly on the muscle or vein. Doctors usually will teach the injection process on your family or close friends.
Loss of consciousness due to hypoglycemia means the likelihood of hypoglycemia may recur again a few hours later. Therefore, rest and make sure there are accompanying you. Do not forget to consume sweet foods or drinks while you're sober.
But you would need medical help as soon as possible and glucagon injections again if still feeling drowsy or unconscious for 10 minutes after receiving an injection of glucagon first in the muscles.
Handling the Islet Transplantation
Islet transplantation may also be able to help most people with diabetes type 1. In this process, islet cells obtained from a deceased donor and transplanted into people with type 1 diabetes the pancreas islet cells is a type of pancreatic cells that produce insulin.
Risk Reduction Through Other Treatments
Patients with type 1 diabetes have a higher risk to develop complications, such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. Therefore your doctor may suggest the following medications to reduce the risk:
- Statins to reduce high cholesterol levels.
- High blood pressure lowering drugs.
- Drugs ACE inhibitors such as enalapril, lisinopril or ramipril, if there is an indication of diabetic kidney disease. Developmental disease characterized by the presence of the protein albumin in the urine can be controlled if treated immediately.
- Low-dose aspirin to prevent stroke.
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